<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127</id><updated>2010-04-28T19:21:09.578+10:00</updated><title type='text'>Built on Collaboration</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/Index.htm'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25'/><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/atom.xml'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06789814182813381858</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>105</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-5536328665495606257</id><published>2010-04-28T19:21:00.001+10:00</published><updated>2010-04-28T19:21:02.073+10:00</updated><title type='text'>This blog has moved</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;       This blog is now located at http://blog.aconex.com/.&lt;br /&gt;       You will be automatically redirected in 30 seconds, or you may click &lt;a href='http://blog.aconex.com/'&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       For feed subscribers, please update your feed subscriptions to&lt;br /&gt;       http://blog.aconex.com/feeds/posts/default.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-5536328665495606257?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/5536328665495606257/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=5536328665495606257&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/5536328665495606257'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/5536328665495606257'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2010/04/this-blog-has-moved.html' title='This blog has moved'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06789814182813381858</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='05136878888259039843'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-6685299273829385167</id><published>2010-02-12T17:48:00.008+11:00</published><updated>2010-02-22T16:13:56.814+11:00</updated><title type='text'>Cold hard facts on collaborative savings</title><content type='html'>Most people talk about the cost savings and efficiencies that collaborative systems can provide, but cold hard facts are often hard to come by.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;We have just completed a &lt;a href="http://www.aconex.com/Clients/Case-studies/Oger.html" target="_blank"&gt;case study&lt;/a&gt; with  Saudi Oger in Abu Dhabi.  Saudi Oger is one of the leading construction and property development companies in the Middle East and used Aconex on the Sowwah Square development - also known as the &lt;a href="http://www.aconex.com/Clients/Case-studies/Oger.html" target="_blank"&gt;Abu Dhabi Financial Centre&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The project team used Aconex for document control and also used the workflows module and the online viewer for document and shop drawing reviews.  Following this, they stated that they saved $550k in print costs, and (thanks to Workflows) improved their document review cycles by 20%.  The project managed over 1.3 million documents and over 500,000 correspondence items, so the volumes were quite large (although still an order of magnitude smaller than some of our larger projects).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gerard Couturier (the A&amp;amp;E Division Director) said, "Workflows significantly accelerated and improved the quality of the process. When using hard copies and an FTP site, a 10-day review process often turned into 12 days due to the administrative work required. With Aconex 10 days actually meant 10 days."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This finding is not news to some.  As I have heard someone in the industry say recently - "People do not question whether they need a tower crane on a project or not - they intuitively know that they will save money compared to carrying bricks up the stairs on their backs.  Now, people are starting to realize the same thing about collaborative systems. Compared to in-house systems or hard copy, they know it will save them real money." Amen.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-6685299273829385167?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/6685299273829385167/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=6685299273829385167&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/6685299273829385167'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/6685299273829385167'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2010/02/cold-hard-facts-on-collaborative.html' title='Cold hard facts on collaborative savings'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-246489798562689538</id><published>2010-01-27T10:55:00.005+11:00</published><updated>2010-01-28T09:17:13.038+11:00</updated><title type='text'>CIO Magazine's Strategic 100</title><content type='html'>Some recognition that Aconex is doing good things, this time from CIO Magazine, which has placed us in their &lt;a href="http://cio.co.nz/cio.nsf/specials/6AC60B224A5416E2CC257699002696D0"&gt;annual list&lt;/a&gt; of businesses that are "showing signs of seriously influencing the way technology is bought or deployed". The list is an "indicator of companies that are currently impressing savvy CIOs", and is part of CIO Magazine's Strategic 100, compiled by judges that include analysts from ueber-respected firms like Gartner, Forrester, IDC, Ovum and Frost &amp;amp; Sullivan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CIO Magazine is published in New Zealand, with an Asia-Pacific focus. You could say (to borrow a famous NZ advertising line) that it's "World-famous in New Zealand", which is fine with us, because we've found New Zealand to be at the forefront of collaboration technology adoption. (Incidentally, you can view that &lt;a href="http://productsfromnz.com/art_dir/L&amp;amp;P_advert2005.wmv"&gt;classic NZ advert here&lt;/a&gt;. But be warned: there are thighs. And very bad hair-dos).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-246489798562689538?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/246489798562689538/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=246489798562689538&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/246489798562689538'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/246489798562689538'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2010/01/cio-magazines-strategic-100.html' title='CIO Magazine&apos;s Strategic 100'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-5443650529121796097</id><published>2009-11-20T16:07:00.004+11:00</published><updated>2010-02-22T09:40:18.777+11:00</updated><title type='text'>BIM gowth continues</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;I just read a &lt;a href="http://www.bdcnetwork.com/article/CA6668193.html?industryid=42769"&gt;post &lt;/a&gt;on the Building Design &amp;amp; Construction Network (&lt;a href="http://www.bdcnetwork.com/article/CA6668193.html?industryid=42769"&gt;www.bdc.com)&lt;/a&gt; that talks about BIM adoption amongst US firms.  If you are a regular reader of blogs in the construction space (including &lt;a href="http://www.extranetevolution.com/extranet_evolution/2007/03/bim_and_lean_co.html"&gt;Extranet Evolution&lt;/a&gt;), you may have noticed that BIM is becoming more and more common throughout the industry.  It is no longer a question of whether BIM will replace traditional CAD systems, but when.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Essentially, the report states that BIM adoption has reached that tipping point.  Indeed, the title of the article is "BIM adoption rate exceeds 80% among nation's largest AEC firms". This is certainly no surprise, although it is less obvious how extensively BIM is actually used in these organizations.  Having a BIM license is not the same as using it!  But BIM was always going to be adopted first by the very largest companies working on the larger projects, where complexity and coordination issues are magnified.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The interesting point will now be two-fold:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;When will BIM penetrate down into the not-so-enormous firms? and&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;When will BIM systems allow central hosting of the model with people able to remote access and *edit* this model without having to download it?&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sure, people can use collaboration systems to store, distribute, share and even view BIM models (&lt;a href="http://www.aconex.com/"&gt;Aconex&lt;/a&gt; and others allow all these functions now, which is great for most users), but the real nirvana will be when the BIM model can be manipulated remotely.  Bring on the future!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-5443650529121796097?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/5443650529121796097/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=5443650529121796097&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/5443650529121796097'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/5443650529121796097'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/11/bim-gowth-continues.html' title='BIM gowth continues'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-7616058209084573430</id><published>2009-11-12T13:55:00.016+11:00</published><updated>2009-11-12T15:40:10.634+11:00</updated><title type='text'>Collaborating for a good cause: the result (with video)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/IMGP3334-748791.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/IMGP3334-748320.JPG" style="float: right; height: 134px; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Time for an update on &lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/11/collaborating-for-good-cause.html"&gt;Monday's post&lt;/a&gt; written "live" as 70 colleagues and I renovated a classroom for a children's home in Kuala Lumpur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The task was a teambuilding event, part of our company's 3-day global&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/IMGP3424-701057.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/IMGP3424-701057.JPG" style="height: 134px; margin-top: 0pt; width: 200px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;sales conference that has just finished up in the Malaysian capital. We had six hours to do everything needed to turn a disused double garage into a bright, inspirational classroom for some of the 43 kids at the home. While our company, &lt;a href="http://www.aconex.com/"&gt;Aconex&lt;/a&gt;, started the ball rolling with a donation, a large part of the challenge to staff was to raise funds, on the day, for materials, furniture, and whatever we would need to put on dinner and a party for the children that night. My blog post on Monday was part of that fundraising effort.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/IMGP3340-704783.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/IMGP3340-704783.JPG" style="height: 134px; margin-top: 0pt; width: 200px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;The result far exceeded what we, and the Lighthouse home, had dared to hope for. By the end of the day, we had raised over RM30,000 (close to US$10,000), an amount that goes a long, long way in Malaysia. We received support and introductions from members of the Malaysia Australia Business Council, and from the Malaysian chapter of The Lighthouse Club, a construction industry charity (that shares a name with the children's home, but is otherwise not related). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;As well as Aconex staff, many of our suppliers and clients came on board, with donations of either cash or materials. One highlight was the gift of an air conditioning unit from from ANZ Cool (thanks to Ms Kuan at the Subang Jaya outlet).  Another was the offer by the hotel we were staying at (&lt;a href="http://www.pacific-regency.com/"&gt;www.pacific-regency.com&lt;/a&gt;) to make the Lighthouse home their corporate good cause for December. A proportion of all food and beverage revenue will go to the home, as will money raised at the hotel chain's corporate Christmas party, and there will be a month long promotional tie in with a local radio station, too. We are hoping that all of this will raise at least another RM50,000, or US$15,000.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;You can still make a donation (until 30 Nov 2009) at &lt;a href="http://www.paypal.com/"&gt;www.paypal.com&lt;/a&gt;. The account is lighthouse@aconex.com. All donations will go directly to the Lighthouse home, and you can read more about their great work &lt;a href="http://www.lighthousewelfare.org/"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A final note: part of the challenge was to make, within the six hours, a video that the Lighthouse can use to show other potential corporate supports what can be achieved in an afternoon of fun and hard work. You can see that below.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Again, thanks to those who showed such great support.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object height="344" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/B4RMOsYiajE&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/B4RMOsYiajE&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-7616058209084573430?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/7616058209084573430/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=7616058209084573430&amp;isPopup=true' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/7616058209084573430'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/7616058209084573430'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/11/collaborating-for-good-cause-result.html' title='Collaborating for a good cause: the result (with video)'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-4183493104131836581</id><published>2009-11-09T17:27:00.012+11:00</published><updated>2009-11-12T14:41:41.727+11:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Good practice'/><title type='text'>Collaborating for a good cause</title><content type='html'>As part of a teambuilding challenge at our company's worldwide sales workshop in Malaysia today, I and 70 colleagues from Aconex are building a classroom for 43 fantastic kids who live in the Lighthouse home here in Kuala Lumpur. We started three hours ago and have until 6pm (KL time) today to complete the task!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/lighthouse-staff-listening-745109.jpg" style="float: right; height: 134px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Lighthouse-fundraising-kids-771072.jpg" style="float: right; height: 157px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We have split into project teams (construction, decoration, catering and fundraising). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Lighthouse-staff-working-745427.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Lighthouse-staff-working-745403.jpg" style="float: right; height: 138px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Lighthouse-building-furniture-group-743535.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Lighthouse-building-furniture-group-743445.jpg" style="float: right; height: 134px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;We have to raise AU$3,000 to buy the construction materials we need to complete the project. We need all the help we can get if we are to get these children the classroom they need!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Lighthouse-painting-the-wall-717961.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Lighthouse-painting-the-wall-717942.jpg" style="float: right; height: 200px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; width: 134px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Lighthouse-building-furniture-707329.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Lighthouse-building-furniture-707305.jpg" style="float: right; height: 152px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All of our staff worldwide are pitching in and we're asking friends in the industry to pitch in too.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can read about the great work of the Lighthouse home here &lt;a href="http://www.lighthousewelfare.org/"&gt;www.lighthousewelfare.org&lt;/a&gt; and you can contribute to this great cause by donating through PayPal (go to &lt;a href="http://www.paypal.com/"&gt;www.paypal.com&lt;/a&gt;) and send money to the account we have setup using &lt;a href="mailto:lighthouse@aconex.com"&gt;lighthouse@aconex.com&lt;/a&gt;. Please help promote this live appeal in the next few hours if you can.Remember our cut off time to buy the materials we need is 6pm KL time, 9pm Sydney, 10am London!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-4183493104131836581?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/4183493104131836581/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=4183493104131836581&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/4183493104131836581'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/4183493104131836581'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/11/collaborating-for-good-cause.html' title='Collaborating for a good cause'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-5880403353217900884</id><published>2009-10-19T08:45:00.002+11:00</published><updated>2009-10-19T08:49:01.714+11:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Technology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Global trends'/><title type='text'>Google wave in 2 minutes</title><content type='html'>In a follow up to my post on Google wave, a friend pointed me to a slick video that describes Google Wave in just 2 minutes (much easier to digest than the 1hr+ intro video from Google!).  You can watch the video &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDu2A3WzQpo"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div&gt;As I mentioned in my &lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/09/google-wave-and-construction.html"&gt;previous post&lt;/a&gt; I mentioned that we saw Wave as a great enabler or embedded technology for collaboration tools.  The more I see wave, the more I am convinced of that. You will see some Wave enabled stuff coming from us in the next while.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-5880403353217900884?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/5880403353217900884/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=5880403353217900884&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/5880403353217900884'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/5880403353217900884'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/10/google-wave-in-2-minutes.html' title='Google wave in 2 minutes'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-4738681418972278903</id><published>2009-10-14T17:34:00.005+11:00</published><updated>2009-10-15T16:14:47.302+11:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Technology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Global trends'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Project profiles'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Good practice'/><title type='text'>Getting F1 to the checkered flag...</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Yas-Island_Abu-Dhabi-798283.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Yas-Island_Abu-Dhabi-798159.jpg" style="float: right; height: 160px; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Yas-Marina-Hotel3-754807.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Yas-Marina-Hotel3-754753.jpg" style="float: right; height: 100px; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I don't like to talk specifically about &lt;a href="http://www.aconex.com/"&gt;Aconex&lt;/a&gt; (this is not a marketing blog, after all!), but the &lt;a href="http://www.aconex.com/Clients/Case-studies/Yas-Island-ALDAR.html"&gt;Yas Island&lt;/a&gt; project is one that I mention, purely because of it's size and the volumes of information that were generated and managed on that project and this information may be interesting to some of you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some background: Yas Island is a US$40 billion, 25 km2 development located off the city of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. The development includes the Yas Marina Circuit that will host the Abu Dhabi Formula One Grand Prix in 2009, as well as world-class hotels, theme parks, golf courses, shopping malls, marinas, apartments and villas. Highlights include the Warner Bros. Theme Park, the Yas Island Water Park and the world's first Ferrari theme park. The developer, ALDAR, is the premier property development, investment and management company in Abu Dhabi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With the track and related infrastructure needing to be completed by race day on November 1, the pressure was really on.  The project team was (typically for a project of this scale) widely distributed across the globe (around 95% of the organizations engaged on Yas Island have their head office located outside of the Middle East).  Turnover of staff (and even organizations) is quite common, so having continuity of documentation and information is a challenge that (if not handled well) can cause projects like this to quickly come unstuck.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The sheer scale of documentation and information flow on this mega project is quite amazing. Some of the amazing stats include (and keep in mind that this is only 2 1/2 years into the development):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;More than 5,700 users&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;From 380 companies&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Located in 29 countries&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;More than 8 million documents and correspondence items.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Within the first six months of the project, more than 1,000 people from 80 companies had been trained and were using the system. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Would projects like Yas Island  be possible without a web based collaboration tool?  I would say quite emphatically - no!  The coordination and approvals alone would be mind blowing and the handover process would have taken months longer.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-4738681418972278903?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/4738681418972278903/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=4738681418972278903&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/4738681418972278903'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/4738681418972278903'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/10/getting-f1-to-checkered-flag.html' title='Getting F1 to the checkered flag...'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-6013653213458451960</id><published>2009-10-14T13:18:00.004+11:00</published><updated>2009-10-14T15:58:00.360+11:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Technology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Global trends'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Good practice'/><title type='text'>Improving transparency, accountability and efficiency on ARRA projects</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/ARRA-construction-project-797052.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 156px; height: 200px;" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/ARRA-construction-project-797043.JPG" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Continuing my &lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/09/us-govenment-and-saas.html"&gt;US government theme&lt;/a&gt;... Earlier today we released a white paper called, "&lt;a href="http://www.aconex.com/Corporate/Knowledge-center/Publications/ARRA-Construction-Projects.html"&gt;Three critical challenges on any ARRA construction project, and how to overcome them with online collaboration&lt;/a&gt;". Although it's written for firms engaged on economic stimulus projects in the US, the content is relevant for anyone involved in construction/infrastructure works.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The paper references an interesting post by Jim Till on his Just Sharing blog called "&lt;a href="http://easyecm.blogspot.com/2009/04/arra-stimulus-funds-and-your-ecm.html"&gt;ARRA Stimulus Funds and Your ECM Project?&lt;/a&gt;".&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-6013653213458451960?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/6013653213458451960/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=6013653213458451960&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/6013653213458451960'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/6013653213458451960'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/10/improving-transparency-accountability.html' title='Improving transparency, accountability and efficiency on ARRA projects'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-4217601708075880240</id><published>2009-10-09T16:30:00.003+11:00</published><updated>2009-10-09T16:39:49.819+11:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Global trends'/><title type='text'>Five things to know before going to Libya</title><content type='html'>We've talked before on this blog (&lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/06/new-service-for-firms-looking-to-enter.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/02/libya-immune-from-financial-crisis.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;) about Libya's construction market - for some AEC firms, it's been a rare bright spot in the current gloom. Our Regional Manager Europe, Yuval Attias, has written an article for UK-based Building magazine called "&lt;a href="http://www.building.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=284&amp;amp;storycode=3150371"&gt;Five things to know before going to Libya&lt;/a&gt;". If you're thinking about entering this market, or are interested to see what the fuss is about, it's well worth a read.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-4217601708075880240?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/4217601708075880240/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=4217601708075880240&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/4217601708075880240'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/4217601708075880240'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/10/five-things-to-know-before-going-to.html' title='Five things to know before going to Libya'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-4743471161842390145</id><published>2009-10-07T16:10:00.005+11:00</published><updated>2009-10-13T08:18:49.180+11:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Global trends'/><title type='text'>Concrete signs of recovery?</title><content type='html'>The Reserve Bank in Australia yesterday raised the official interest rate by 0.25% to 3.25%, making it the first developed nation to do so.  Many are pointing to this as concrete signs of a recovery in the Australian (and global) economy.  It certainly is a strong statement by the Reserve Bank, and many are tipping another 0.25% rise when the Reserve Bank meets next month, with more rises set to follow... The official interest rate is at historical lows after falling from 7.25% to 3% in just 7 months and the Reserve Bank has hinted that it wishes to raise rates by up to 2% over the next 12 months.&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This, coupled with strong job ads (The ANZ job ads index posted a surge in job ads of 4.1% in August and 4.4% in September). Unfortunately the ANZ also predicts that unemployment has yet to peak and will hit 7.25% by the middle of next year (it is currently 5.8%). So there will be more and more people out of work in the next 9 months, which will not be helped by the increasing costs of mortgage repayments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The other indicators are mixed, with retail sales up 0.9% and car sales down 3.5% last month.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;So, time will tell whether the rate rise was too early or not, but it certainly is a strong statement that the powers to be see the economy starting to heat up and they are using monetary policy to keep inflation under control.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-4743471161842390145?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/4743471161842390145/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=4743471161842390145&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/4743471161842390145'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/4743471161842390145'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/10/concrete-signs-of-recovery.html' title='Concrete signs of recovery?'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-738340843495878312</id><published>2009-09-28T13:54:00.001+10:00</published><updated>2009-09-28T13:59:33.535+10:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Technology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Global trends'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Good practice'/><title type='text'>US Government embraces SaaS</title><content type='html'>I read with interest a blog from the White House (see the blog &lt;a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/Streaming-at-100-In-the-Cloud/"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;) which was announcing the launch of &lt;a href="https://apps.gov/"&gt;Apps.gov&lt;/a&gt;. It is described as an "online storefront for federal agencies to quickly browse and purchase cloud-based IT services, for productivity, collaboration, and efficiency". In other words, it is a way for government agencies to buy SaaS or cloud computing technologies - something that many were reluctant (or unable) to do before due to outdated policies or restrictive procurement processes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Technology is moving fast, and by using technologies from the 90's, Goverment agencies (and many private companies) have been missing out on the advantages of SaaS. This is something that was acknowledged, with the blog contining to say "Our policies lag behind new trends, causing unnecessary restrictions on the use of new technology. Past practices too often resulted in inefficient use of purchased IT capabilities across the federal government. We are dedicated to addressing these barriers and to improving the way government leverages new technology." Wow. That is a great forward step in policy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It will be interesting to see how effectively this initiative works, or whether procurement managers will revert to their own and familiar ways?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-738340843495878312?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/738340843495878312/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=738340843495878312&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/738340843495878312'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/738340843495878312'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/09/us-govenment-and-saas.html' title='US Government embraces SaaS'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-3708652333633090318</id><published>2009-09-15T13:16:00.011+10:00</published><updated>2009-09-21T11:31:28.020+10:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Technology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Global trends'/><title type='text'>Google wave and construction collaboration tools</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Google-Wave-logo-735329.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="200" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Google-Wave-logo-735328.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;There has been lots of blog activity over &lt;a href="http://wave.google.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Google Wave&lt;/a&gt; - the as yet unreleased communication and collaboration tool.  I think we all watched the release video with interest and (often) excitement.  But a common comment I heard afterwards was that it looked cool but will it actually make it from concept and idea to an embraced and widespread technology?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Paul Wilkinson blogged on ExtranetEvolution in July about &lt;a href="http://www.extranetevolution.com/extranet_evolution/2009/07/google-wave-and-project-collaboration.html" target="_blank"&gt;Google Wave and project collaboration&lt;/a&gt;. Paul's view is that "Like me, she (&lt;a href="http://www.jodiem.com.au/" target="_blank"&gt;Jodie Myers&lt;/a&gt;) reckons that Wave is unlikely to replace construction project-specific document management systems for major projects, but reckons it could be used to manage small projects, and perhaps to improve management of meetings, form processing and photo management." I too believe that Wave is unlikely to replace specific construction collaboration tools, but I am not sure that is the point.  I see Wave as a component and enabler of collaboration tools, rather than a replacement. As an example, all the construction collaboration tools on the market use email as a component of their solution - it is not a question of one or the other.  Software developers often use components to make up a solution, and I see Google Wave as one of those components.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;We (at Aconex) have been lucky enough to be one of the companies to get early access to a Google Wave developer licence.  Both our Senior Engineering Manager, Paul Smith, and our Principal Engineer, Paul Cowan, both have a great network of contacts in the development world, not least of all through Paul Smith's involvement in the Apache Software Foundation.  So we are already looking a Wave and how (or whether) this will form part of our solution in the future... but we have already identified several areas that look like promising candidates.  But more on that later...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;By the way, you may have noticed that the photo at the top of the page now only includes me. Don't worry, nothing has happened to Leigh! My new role as Product Director at Aconex has given me a greater opportunity to analyse collaboration technology and the industries we operate in, so I'm keen to dedicate more time to sharing what we find on this blog. As always, look forward to hearing your views!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-3708652333633090318?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/3708652333633090318/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=3708652333633090318&amp;isPopup=true' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/3708652333633090318'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/3708652333633090318'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/09/google-wave-and-construction.html' title='Google wave and construction collaboration tools'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-6644300543020907414</id><published>2009-08-14T15:18:00.000+10:00</published><updated>2009-08-14T15:18:00.335+10:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Good practice'/><title type='text'>Big savings, robberies and chocolate bar wrappers: A few tales from the field</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;We recently ran a competition within &lt;a href="http://www.aconex.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Aconex&lt;/a&gt;, asking staff to send us their best stories about why clients said they used a collaboration system. An iPhone was at stake so competition was fierce. Here are a few of my favourites, starting with one of the more sensible entries...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;"A client that implemented our system on a high-rise office tower development in Australia recently told us that, over a three year period, no variations were paid due to incorrect documentation - a first for them. They said that they typically paid variations as high as 1% of project value due to poor document management. They also said that by managing their project information online, they saved around 2.7 tonnes of paper."&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Good to hear! However this one, from one of our US-based client service team, takes this biscuit for most compelling reason...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;"My latest trip to Columbia was an interesting one. The day before I flew in, the client for a pipeline project had their office robbed. Some employees were tied up and all their computers were stolen. So, as you can imagine, you can't implement a system with no computers! The client said to us how they wish they had our collaboration system before the robbery, as they wouldn't have lost all their project information. I guess you really never know when your data could vanish!"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;And finally, also found this one quite amusing...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;"A document controller in the UK once told me why he enforces the use of Aconex across his organisation. He said he once went to retrieve some important hardcopy documents in a box, and when he opened the box all that was in there was an old paper plate and a chocolate bar wrapper, NOT the very important documents that were needed."&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-6644300543020907414?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/6644300543020907414/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=6644300543020907414&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/6644300543020907414'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/6644300543020907414'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/08/big-savings-robberies-and-chocolate-bar.html' title='Big savings, robberies and chocolate bar wrappers: A few tales from the field'/><author><name>Leigh Jasper</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12238434688849077529</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15269029246619406933'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-3472540440018313000</id><published>2009-08-10T08:12:00.000+10:00</published><updated>2009-08-10T08:12:00.485+10:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Global trends'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Good practice'/><title type='text'>Three reasons why online collaboration is essential on Alliance projects</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Front page of Australia's main business newspaper, &lt;a href="http://www.afr.com/" target="_blank"&gt;The Australian Financial Review&lt;/a&gt;, last week, was the story that, to help state governments deliver high-risk infrastructure projects, Treasury officials are developing a national set of principles for 'alliance projects'. This would mean that, on publicly funded works, governments would share the burden of cost blow-outs and delays with contractors. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Often called a "pain-share/blame-share" arrangement, alliance projects help both parties to pull together towards the common goal, without the commercial barriers, red-tape and finger-pointing that can slow things down. Without question, this is a positive move and should fast-track the &lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/04/stimulus-spending-on-construction.html" target="_blank"&gt;complex projects needed to boost the economy&lt;/a&gt;, while ensuring optimum use of public funds. Whether other countries that are also in a hurry to push through stimulus package-driven infrastructure projects follow a similar path remains to be seen.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With an alliance project, it's only logical to use an online collaboration platform. In line with the spirit of the contract, parties working together with common goals should use common systems. Using a project collaboration system facilitates a culture of trust, supported by transparency and information sharing – both major contributors to project success. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;On top of this, I can think of at least three reasons to use an online collaboration system on projects of this type... &lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;These are large, complex projects that will involve dozens of companies, sharing hundreds of thousands of documents and mails. They should be using a collaboration system anyway!&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;As well as streamlining communication between parties, both entities (and indeed everyone on the project) benefit from the gains in efficiency. What would be the point in one party using a best-in-class online collaboration system to manage their project information, while the other gets buried in paper documents?&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;In the event of dispute, the audit trail on a collaboration system can often help to resolve the matter quickly, without souring the relationship by resorting to litigation or arbitration. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;Has anyone (successful or unsuccessful) worked on an Alliance project? Be interested to know your views regarding the client-contractor relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-3472540440018313000?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/3472540440018313000/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=3472540440018313000&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/3472540440018313000'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/3472540440018313000'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/08/three-reasons-why-online-collaboration.html' title='Three reasons why online collaboration is essential on Alliance projects'/><author><name>Kim Au</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10890573148104039883</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='03719483583143424322'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-175212739229774498</id><published>2009-08-05T18:35:00.003+10:00</published><updated>2009-08-07T15:29:50.999+10:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Technology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Good practice'/><title type='text'>Lower your project's blood pressure - use DWF</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Rob looked at some of the time savings that online collaboration systems can bring to a project in his previous posts &lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/02/man-v-machine-race-to-revise-documents.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/05/managing-project-correspondence-want-to.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. This got me thinking about efficiency, and how even choices about the small things like file formats can make a difference. Using DWF (Design Web Format) over PDF for drawings is one that comes to mind. DWF is a secure file format, typically used when issuing drawings for review or approval, as they are non-editable, and much smaller in size than a PDF.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bit of a gory analogy, but I like to think of the circulation of drawings on a project as its 'life blood'. If we think along these lines, we can say that the there are two ways to increase the flow of blood. One (very expensive) way would be to increase the size of the veins and arteries. When related to the use of an online collaboration system, this would be the equivalent of increasing the size (bandwidth) of everyone's internet connection. The second (and free) way to increase the blood flow would be to make the blood thinner. This is the equivalent of using DWF instead of PDF.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The benefits of DWF over PDF are well understood by design consultants, so you would think that DWFs would be the industry standard. Yet it's amazing how many project professionals prefer PDFs. Perhaps it's because virtually every computer has Adobe Reader pre-installed, or it could be the misconception that DWFs require expensive software to view them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It's important to remember that DWF is not a replacement for native CAD formats such as DWG. The sole purpose of a DWF is to allow designers, engineers, project managers, and consultants to easily view and comment on drawings, without the need to change the drawing or to own AutoCAD software.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;So, how much time and bandwidth is saved using DWF over PDF? I read an interesting post by Shaan Hurley on his &lt;a href="http://autodesk.blogs.com/between_the_lines/2004/06/more_dwf_vs_pdf.html" target="_blank"&gt;Autodesk blog&lt;/a&gt; where he found that DWFs were 11 times smaller in size than PDF files, with no discernable difference in quality. Therefore, when you consider the enormous volume of drawings created and distributed over a project's lifecycle, it makes little sense to still use PDFs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Any thoughts? Have you noticed increasing or decreasing acceptance of DWFs in the industry? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-175212739229774498?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/175212739229774498/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=175212739229774498&amp;isPopup=true' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/175212739229774498'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/175212739229774498'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/08/lower-your-projects-blood-pressure-use.html' title='Lower your project&apos;s blood pressure - use DWF'/><author><name>Edward Surgeon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10713869713141832510</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='09215928083817808824'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-1825302168689858886</id><published>2009-07-29T11:51:00.003+10:00</published><updated>2009-08-07T15:31:33.140+10:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Global trends'/><title type='text'>Risky Business</title><content type='html'>An article titled '&lt;a href="http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2009/07/how-to-minimize-project-delays-in-construction-reduce-risk.html?t=recent" target="_blank"&gt;How to Minimize Project Delays&lt;/a&gt;' was posted on the news website &lt;em&gt;Industrial Market Trends&lt;/em&gt; last week, which highlights the importance of communication and information management in controlling delay-causing risks. Interesting piece and good to see project collaboration recognized as a key influencer on on-time delivery. If you'd like to read more on this topic, the article references a whitepaper that we put together a couple of years ago titled '&lt;a href="http://www.aconex.com/Media/docs/Risk-Management-in-Construction-13b25336-697e-4502-a859-96feaf6b062f.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Risk Management in Construction&lt;/a&gt;'.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-1825302168689858886?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/1825302168689858886/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=1825302168689858886&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/1825302168689858886'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/1825302168689858886'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/07/risky-busines.html' title='Risky Business'/><author><name>Leigh Jasper</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12238434688849077529</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15269029246619406933'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-4768780162248487473</id><published>2009-07-06T12:23:00.000+10:00</published><updated>2009-07-06T12:23:01.277+10:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Technology'/><title type='text'>Retrieving your project information faster than a Google search</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;A manager from our product engineering team told me today that our average system response times are now faster than Google. Nice analogy! Basically, over the past 18 months, his team have worked hard to improve response times when a user is searching for data, getting the results right down to around 0.1 of a second. This is despite the load of information on the system more than doubling over this period. When doing a Google search and checking the response time at the top right of the screen, I have rarely seen one lower than 0.1 of a second (although I'll stand corrected if you can beat this consistently!).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the context of the efficient running of construction and engineering projects, this is great news, and a good illustration of how far collaboration systems have developed over the past few years. Factors such as faster server response times and &lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/03/raising-speed-limit-on-web.html"&gt;web acceleration technology&lt;/a&gt; give the entire project team a better user experience. Perhaps as much as features and functionality, this is what drives adoption and usage, helping those on the project to capture as much information as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-4768780162248487473?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/4768780162248487473/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=4768780162248487473&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/4768780162248487473'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/4768780162248487473'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/07/retrieving-your-project-information.html' title='Retrieving your project information faster than a Google search'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-4080061391057932930</id><published>2009-06-28T10:18:00.002+10:00</published><updated>2009-06-28T10:18:01.000+10:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Good practice'/><title type='text'>Handover: Managing project information when the show's over</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;We obviously talk a lot on this blog about the benefits of using collaboration systems during projects, but what about at a project's end? The Handover process - where all the documentation relating to the built asset is transferred from the project team to the client/developer ready for operations - is an important process when a project draws to a close.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A comprehensive handover is essential as it provides operators and those responsible for defects liability with the data they require for asset management - from where electrical cables and gas pipes are positioned to the specifications of door frames and lighting fixtures. If there are flaws in this process, clients can end up wasting time and money trying to source or reproduce documentation, and can be exposed to risks relating to health and safety and other compliance standards. Over the years, I've heard numerous horror stories about this data being missing, and new fit-out contractors drilling around live utility cables - not good!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We're working on a large, multi-faceted development in the Persian Gulf at the moment which involves several separate packages as part of one master development. Combined, the project teams have generated several million drawings, documents, tenders and correspondence items, which, under the developer's insistence, have been stored and managed using a collaboration system. Now that contracts are coming to an end, this is looking like a very smart move.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Because all data from across the program has been managed using a collaboration system, the developer is finding the usually fraught handover process a relative breeze. For the first time, they are sure that all the participants are able to contractually complete the formal handover. For them, this means three things: 1) All contractual conditions are met, 2) All documentation, from as-builts to variation requests, is stored in one secure, online archive, and 3) Document retention regulations are followed in a very cost effective manner. And this has all been done at the click of a button, with no need for vast paper archives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-4080061391057932930?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/4080061391057932930/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=4080061391057932930&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/4080061391057932930'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/4080061391057932930'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/06/handover-managing-project-information.html' title='Handover: Managing project information when the show&apos;s over'/><author><name>Leigh Jasper</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12238434688849077529</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15269029246619406933'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-6913628044949556589</id><published>2009-06-18T14:49:00.001+10:00</published><updated>2009-06-18T23:00:50.367+10:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Technology'/><title type='text'>A SaaSy Salesforce.com video</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Salesforce-782518.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 180px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 181px" alt="" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/Salesforce-782498.gif" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Over the past few years, &lt;a href="http://www.salesforce.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Salesforce.com&lt;/a&gt; have undoubtedly been the leading lights in furthering awareness of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_Service" target="_blank"&gt;Software as a Service (SaaS)&lt;/a&gt; model and, more recently, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing" target="_blank"&gt;Cloud Computing&lt;/a&gt; (this &lt;a href="http://cloudcomputing.sys-con.com/node/612033" target="_blank"&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; explains the subtle difference between the two). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yesterday, one of their sales reps sent me a link to an &lt;a href="http://www.salesforce.com/cloudcomputing" target="_blank"&gt;excellent video&lt;/a&gt; which, in just a few minutes, clearly lays out the benefits of using applications delivered using the cloud computing (and SaaS) model, compared to self-hosted software.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Their arguments are as applicable to our business (web-based collaboration for construction and engineering projects) as to theirs (customer relationship management solutions). We often get asked by companies why they should use a SaaS-delivered project collaboration system when they (or their head contractor) already have a document management system. So, if you want to get a fun and easy-to-digest overview of why SaaS-delivered systems are the best way to go, this video is a good place to start.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-6913628044949556589?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/6913628044949556589/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=6913628044949556589&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/6913628044949556589'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/6913628044949556589'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/06/saasy-salesforcecom-video.html' title='A SaaSy Salesforce.com video'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-1184688002484647587</id><published>2009-06-10T14:14:00.003+10:00</published><updated>2009-06-10T14:27:12.405+10:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Technology'/><title type='text'>A good night for Aconex</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Pleased to say that our company, &lt;a href="http://www.aconex.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Aconex&lt;/a&gt;, won three categories at the &lt;a href="http://www.iawards2009.com/" target="_blank"&gt;2009 iAwards&lt;/a&gt;, Australia's main awards for the information &amp;amp; communications technology industry. Having made it through our state round, we won the best Industry Application, Exporter of the Year and the overall 'best of the best' award (which has the nice title of 'Inspiration Award'). Great for our business and a good reflection of the high demand for construction collaboration technology globally.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I was in Dubai at the time so couldn't attend, but company co-founder and Built On Collaboration blogger Rob was there to collect the awards. Our video, which was played when we won, has been posted on YouTube and can be viewed below (in case you're wondering, a definition of "multi-tenanted SaaS" can be found &lt;a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa479086.aspx" target="_blank"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;!).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;object height="344" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/JJDdH2Dbgm8&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/JJDdH2Dbgm8&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-1184688002484647587?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/1184688002484647587/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=1184688002484647587&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/1184688002484647587'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/1184688002484647587'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/06/good-night-for-aconex.html' title='A good night for Aconex'/><author><name>Leigh Jasper</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12238434688849077529</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15269029246619406933'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-6744112477713172611</id><published>2009-06-01T14:48:00.003+10:00</published><updated>2009-06-10T14:28:21.688+10:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Global trends'/><title type='text'>New service for firms looking to enter Libya</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;As mentioned in this &lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/02/libya-immune-from-financial-crisis.html"&gt;previous post&lt;/a&gt;, it has been interesting how much Libya has been popping up in the news lately. There's an &lt;a href="http://www.building.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=3140250" target="_blank"&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; in Building Global (the online version of the UK's &lt;a href="http://www.building.co.uk/" target="_blank"&gt;Building&lt;/a&gt; magazine) which reveals details of a new service, provided by The South East Centre for the Built Environment, aimed at helping small British construction firms to enter the Libyan market.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The service includes introductions to other firms and advice about how to set up business in the country, how to obtain visas and how to repatriate revenues. At &amp;#163;13,000 (around US$20,000) it's not cheap, but apparently they've already had expressions of interest from about 45 companies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why the interest? According to the Libyan British Business Council, Libya's GDP is predicted to grow 8% from 2008 to 2011 and it has a massive construction program underway, including a &amp;#163;100bn infrastructure works plan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the Related Articles section underneath, there are articles about Italy committing $5 billion to support Libya's construction and infrastructure projects over the next 25 years, and details of Libya's plans to build a $5 billion economic city for oil and gas businesses. The latter is part of Libya's plan to massively increase oil production and begin exporting gas. It aims to nearly double its crude oil production by 2012.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Interesting times in Libya. We're engaged on some massive housing, education and infrastructure programmes there, including some major airport developments in Tripoli, Benghazi and Sebha. Definitely a market we'll be keeping an eye on.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-6744112477713172611?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/6744112477713172611/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=6744112477713172611&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/6744112477713172611'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/6744112477713172611'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/06/new-service-for-firms-looking-to-enter.html' title='New service for firms looking to enter Libya'/><author><name>Leigh Jasper</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12238434688849077529</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15269029246619406933'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-4372011752020836804</id><published>2009-05-26T11:49:00.004+10:00</published><updated>2009-05-26T12:12:41.152+10:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Technology'/><title type='text'>Managing project correspondence: Want to save 25 seconds per mail?</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Along the same lines as my recent '&lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/02/man-v-machine-race-to-revise-documents.html"&gt;Man vs Machine: The Race to Revise Documents&lt;/a&gt;' post, one of our clients has taken out their stopwatch and done some research into the time it takes to perform common information management-related tasks using an online collaboration system compared to using their internal document management tool and email.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results make interesting reading and (unsurprisingly) reinforce the greater efficiencies of using a collaboration system. When comparing how long it took to file a project mail (e.g. an RFI, advice, notice, instruction, variation, etc.) using each system, here's what they found...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;table cellspacing="3" cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Internal document management tool &amp;amp; Email&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Online collaboration system&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Step 1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Read email in Outlook&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Read email&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Step 2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Read attachment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Read Attachment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Step 3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Switch to document management system)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Step 4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Navigate to the folder the email should be stored in&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Step 5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Select to import email&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Step 6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Switch back to Outlook)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Step 7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Drag email from Inbox into document management system folder&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Step 8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Delete email from Outlook&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Time Taken&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;32 seconds&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7 seconds&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Table: Filing a received mail using an internal document management system and email compared to using an online collaboration system&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Because collaboration systems automatically index and archive all incoming mail through one central platform, the process is six steps and 25 seconds lighter. When that is multiplied across dozens of mails a day and an entire project team, it's easy to see where the gains in efficiency lie.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A couple of our clients have done other 'side by side' comparisons on tasks such as drawing review and searching for info, so I'll try to track down the data and add one or two more. Anyone out there heard about or done similar comparisons?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-4372011752020836804?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/4372011752020836804/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=4372011752020836804&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/4372011752020836804'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/4372011752020836804'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/05/managing-project-correspondence-want-to.html' title='Managing project correspondence: Want to save 25 seconds per mail?'/><author><name>Robert Phillpot</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11694055689909032421</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15627841806866482711'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-2160022368607216316</id><published>2009-05-20T14:40:00.003+10:00</published><updated>2009-05-20T15:55:54.338+10:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Project profiles'/><title type='text'>Getting New Delhi Airport ready for takeoff</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/New-Delhi-International-Airport-771183.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 200px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 149px" alt="" src="http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/uploaded_images/New-Delhi-International-Airport-771178.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Our marketing guys have just put together a case study about the &lt;a href="http://www.aconex.com/Clients/Case-studies/New-Delhi-Airport.html" target="_blank"&gt;New Delhi Airport Terminal 3&lt;/a&gt; project's use of our collaboration system. It's an interesting project due to its size (US$2 billion), scale (world's 2nd largest terminal) and dispersed project team (of the 70 firms engaged 45 are based outside India). But what's remarkable about this &lt;a href="http://www.newdelhiairport.in/master-plan-development.asp" target="_blank"&gt;development&lt;/a&gt; is the schedule they're working to so that it's completed in time for the 2010 Commonwealth Games.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;The construction timetable has been compressed to just 39 months. To give you some comparisons, the new terminal at Changi Airport in Singapore took 76 months and delivery of London Heathrow Airport's T5 and Beijing's Terminal 3 each took 60 months. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With time pressures like that, it's hardly surprising that they didn’t want document and correspondence management to slow them down and so (wisely) selected to use a web-based collaboration system. From what I hear, they've made good use it, already managing around 100,000 documents and mails a month on the system. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As part of the case study, the head contractor, &lt;a href="http://www.lntecc.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Larsen &amp;amp; Toubro&lt;/a&gt;, had some interesting things to say about the challenges they faced - such as distributing documents to over a thousand engineers, limitations of email, trying to manage 500 mail items a day and needing to access files on the move - and how using a collaboration system helped solve these issues. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Maybe I'm being biased but I think it would have been near impossible to complete this project to that timetable without the use of a collaboration system. The Indian government is looking to fast-track a number of infrastructure projects (particularly much-needed road developments), so hopefully they'll look to New Delhi Airport as an example to follow.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-2160022368607216316?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/2160022368607216316/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=2160022368607216316&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/2160022368607216316'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/2160022368607216316'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/05/getting-new-delhi-airport-ready-for.html' title='Getting New Delhi Airport ready for takeoff'/><author><name>Leigh Jasper</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12238434688849077529</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15269029246619406933'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6214845395439411127.post-154781397263726405</id><published>2009-04-23T16:50:00.006+10:00</published><updated>2009-04-23T17:07:25.718+10:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Global trends'/><title type='text'>Stimulating reading</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Like many companies in the AEC industry, we're looking with interest at the stimulus package announcements and hoping that each one has a sizeable chunk allocated to infrastructure investment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nearly all major economies have announced at least one package so I thought that, to get an idea of where the opportunities lie, it would be interesting to compare them and see what they've put on the table for infrastructure spend.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The figures below are all in US dollars and have been converted using current rates. The $265 billion stimulus package put forward by the European Union is additional to these figures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;table cellspacing="3" cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#999999"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Country&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/ td&gt; &lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#999999"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stimulus Announced&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#999999"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;% of GDP&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#999999"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infrastructure Investment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#999999"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Types of projects&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Feb 09: $825bn&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;6.0%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;$120 billion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Transport: $46bn&lt;br /&gt;Education: $21bn&lt;br /&gt;Energy: $31bn&lt;br /&gt;Water: $6bn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#d6d6d6"&gt;Canada&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#d6d6d6"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Dec 08: $30bn&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#d6d6d6"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;2.4%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#d6d6d6"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;$12 billion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#d6d6d6"&gt;Public works: $4bn&lt;br /&gt;Green Energy: $1bn&lt;br /&gt;Schools: $2bn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Jan 09: $63bn&lt;br /&gt;Nov 08: $42.2bn&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;2.2%&lt;br /&gt;1.3%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;$33 billion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Education/Health: $10bn&lt;br /&gt;Roads: $1.3bn&lt;br /&gt;Rail: $850m&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;France&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Dec 08: $35.3bn&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;1.4%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;$23 billion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;Housing: $2.4bn&lt;br /&gt;Public works: $5.3bn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Spain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Nov 08: $14.7bn&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;1.1%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;$10.3 billion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Public works: $10.3bn&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Nov 08: $29.2bn&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;1.1%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;$4.5 billion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;Public works: $4.5bn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Australia&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Oct 08: $26bn&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;3.4%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;$15 billion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Education: $10.5bn&lt;br /&gt;Housing: $4.7bn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;Japan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Dec 08: $687.7bn&lt;br /&gt;Aug 08: $125.7bn&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;15.7%&lt;br /&gt;2.9%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;$53 billion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost" bgcolor="#cccccc"&gt;Green Energy: $16.3bn&lt;br /&gt;Public works: $26.4bn&lt;br /&gt;Health: $17.3bn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;China&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Nov 08: $585.6bn&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;18.0%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;$219 billion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="blogPost"&gt;Housing: $4.1bn&lt;br /&gt;Regional works: $4.6bn&lt;br /&gt;Education/Health: $2.5bn&lt;br /&gt;Public works: $4bn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;From these numbers, nearly $2.5 trillion will be spent by these countries alone to try and get the global economy back on track. What's interesting to note is that countries joined to the WTO's 'Government Procurement Agreement' can bid on each other's projects. For example, companies from the United States, Canada, the European Union, Hong Kong, Iceland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Liechtenstein, Singapore, and Switzerland are all entitled to bid on infrastructure developments in each others' countries, significantly opening up the opportunities worldwide. Companies from Mexico, Australia, and Chile can also bid on projects, as these countries have free-trade agreements with most of those countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although the jury is still out on the extent and timing of any impact of this stimulus spending on the wider economy, the construction industry has certainly taken note. The past few months have seen a deluge of conferences and seminars in most major markets aimed at helping firms understand where the opportunities lie. Aconex has recently sponsored and attended two of these - in Sydney and Houston - and the mood of participants in both cases was cautiously optimistic about the outlook for the infrastructure sector over the next 12 months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6214845395439411127-154781397263726405?l=blogs.aconex.com%2Fbuilt-on-collaboration%2FIndex.htm' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/154781397263726405/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6214845395439411127&amp;postID=154781397263726405&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/154781397263726405'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6214845395439411127/posts/default/154781397263726405'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://blogs.aconex.com/built-on-collaboration/2009/04/stimulus-spending-on-construction.html' title='Stimulating reading'/><author><name>Leigh Jasper</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12238434688849077529</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15269029246619406933'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry></feed>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   